Reply to Bryan et al.: Variation in Context Unlikely Explanation of Nonrobustness of Noun Versus Verb Results

Bryan et al. explain our null results by asserting that the treatment they developed should have no effect unless certain conditions hold; we learn from Bryan et al.’s letter that the election must be high-profile or competitive. However, this is an ex-post argument, absent from their 2011 article. We provide four reasons our null findings are unlikely to stem from political-context differences.